Gravitational waves resources

Gravitational-wave cosmology

Material

Introductory reviews on this topic, which highlight the different approaches, are

• Mastrogiovanni et al. (2024)
• Palmese and Mastrogiovanni (2025)

Theory

References on the statistical framework used to combine multiple sources include:

Hierarchical likelihood and population analyses

• Mandel, Farr and Gair (2018)
• Vitale et al. (2020)
• Thrane and Talbot (2025)

Galaxy catalogues

• Gair et al. (2022)
• Mastrogiovanni et al. (2023)
• Cheng and Gair (2026)

Software

Several packages have been developed for cosmological inference using gravitational waves. Examples include ICAROGW, gwcosmo and CHIMERA.

You can use icaroverse to run ICAROGW for both LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA and LISA data (only population-based analyses are available at the moment). Tutorials can be found at this page.

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